The US, with a 1.77 fertility rate, means that women have fewer than 2 babies each – not enough to keep the population steady. At the societal level, fertility rates can be used to predict future population growth. On a macro scale, "fertility rate" is a statistical measure of how many children women have. The trend has alarmed doctors and scientists who see the long-term impacts of a society that is unable to healthily reproduce. Many who have low testosterone (low T) are not aware of their condition or how it might affect their futures.
Certain chemicals found in plastics (like BPA), pesticides, and personal care products mimic or block natural hormones. Recreational drugs like marijuana, cocaine, and anabolic steroids can disrupt the endocrine system and testosterone pathways. Alcohol, especially in large quantities, impairs liver function and reduces testosterone synthesis. Chronic stress elevates cortisol, the body's main stress hormone.
Endocrine disruptors are synthetic chemicals that interfere with hormones including testosterone, estrogen, and thyroid hormones — all of which influence male fertility. Prolonged stress raises cortisol levels, which in turn suppresses testosterone production and can slow or even halt sperm production entirely. Moderate exercise — around 150 minutes per week — improves hormonal balance, raises testosterone levels, and directly supports sperm production.
Low levels can reduce serotonin and dopamine activity, both mood-regulating neurotransmitters. Without enough testosterone, your body can't maintain or build lean muscle effectively, even with exercise. Low levels limit these processes, causing muscle mass to decline over time. Testosterone stimulates protein synthesis and muscle fiber growth. When levels fall, the body struggles to generate energy efficiently.
Recent studies suggest it can improve both testosterone levels and sperm quality. In addition to taking supplements, you can incorporate specific foods that are naturally rich in the nutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants that support sperm production. Getting adequate sunlight or supplementing with approximately 4,000 IU per day can help support sperm production. One study found that supplementing with 1,000 mg of vitamin C daily doubled sperm count in some participants while also improving sperm motility and reducing abnormal morphology. In many cases, sperm production recovers after the medication is discontinued. While moderate consumption (one drink per day or less) appears less harmful, most fertility experts recommend minimizing alcohol intake altogether when trying to increase sperm count. Studies consistently show that drinking two or more alcoholic beverages per day impairs sperm production and quality.
No association between low TT and semen volume, sperm concentration or sperm motility was found. Baseline median (IQR) sperm parameters included semen volume 2.8 (2.0–3.7) mL, sperm concentration 49 (27–85) × 106/mL, motility 56 (49–65) %, and strict morphology 9 (5–18) %. Normal semen parameters were defined as semen volume ≥ 1.5 mL, sperm concentration ≥15 ×106/mL, total sperm motility ≥40%, and Kruger strict morphology ≥4%.
It plays a key role in developing male reproductive tissues, including the testes and prostate, and in promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone, produced mainly in the testicles. Low testosterone doesn't just affect your mood or energy levels, it can compromise your ability to become a parent. Studies show sperm counts have dropped by 50-60% in the last 40 years. Over the past few decades, male fertility has been steadily declining. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.

Gender: Female

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